Reflecting on Religious Expression and School Prayer Essay

This country is comprised of individuals from various ethnic backgrounds, socioeconomic groups, sexual orientations, and faith traditions. Whether it relates to race, class, religion or any other category where one resides in the dominant group, it is tempting not to become oppressive and fail to show mutual respect to the diverse cultures and beliefs of other groups. Furthermore, as educational leaders, we must be equipped with knowledge around policies related to the above mentioned, so that we can enforce such and build upon those that need refining. In reflecting on religious expression and school prayer, it is important to realize the current legal issues and policies that should inform the regulation of such within the context of the†¦show more content†¦Any school promotion or endorsement of a students private religious activity is unconstitutional. There have been various acts across schools within this country to discriminate and demean students within schools because they follow faith traditions different than that of the dominant group. Thus, it is important to realize that though as a school body one cannot endorse or promote one religion or faith-tradition over another, as educational leaders we also should not engage in discrimination and disrespect for faith believes that do not align with ours or allow other students and staff to engage in such. Rather we must work to promote multicultural acceptance and mutual respect, celebrating the rich diversity among all individuals and groups. Landmark Cases There are three landmark cases most relevant to the discussion on religious expression and school prayer. Engle v. Vitale is a case where the Court held that recitation of a prayer composed by the New York State Board of Regents, which was to be said in the presence of a teacher at the beginning of school each day, was unconstitutional and in violation of the Establishment Clause. School District of Abington Township v. Schempp presents a case where the Court held that reading the Bible for sectarian purposes and reciting the Lord’s Prayer in public schools during normal hours were unconstitutional; however, the Court asserted that the Bible could be read as literature inShow MoreRelated Religion and Prayer Must Not be Permitted in Public School Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pagescountry was made up of people from more than one religious background, the government had to come up with a way to accommodate all of its citizens. Understanding the countrys diversity, the writers of the Constitution of the United States of America included in the First Amendment the words, Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise therof . . . (Alley, 24). The two parts of the religious freedom declaration became known as the FreeRead More No Prayer in the Public Schools Essay3232 Words   |  13 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the past three decades, the issue of the role of prayer in the public school system has become increasingly controversial. The current debate juggles the opposing interpretations of the exact intentions of Americas Founders, who came from an other country, England, in pursuite of expanded freedoms. The first colonists in the 17th century especially desired religious freedom, because their former British government forced them all to learn and practice a centralized religion. ConsequentlyRead MoreAn Idyllic Mental Image Of Eileen1616 Words   |  7 PagesStill of school-age, Stephen’s distant admiration for Eileen initiates his recognition of women as sexual beings and foreshadows the important role women and relationships will play as he matures. When daydreaming about an idyllic mental image of Eileen, Stephen artistically compares her girlish â€Å"long thin cool white hands [to] a Tower of Ivory [and] her fair hair [to] a House of Gold,† (Jo yce 49). Stephen’s meticulous focus on Eileen’s physical features introduces him to viewing females as sexualRead MoreThe Effects Of Effectual Daily Prayer On Mental Health5652 Words   |  23 PagesRunning Head: EFFECTS OF EFFECTUAL DAILY PRAYER 1 EFFECTS OF EFFECTUAL DAILY PRAYER 2 The Effects of Effectual Daily Prayer on Mental Health in Adults Diane T. Bethmann, RN, MSN Student Jennifer M. Wood, MSN, RN Chamberlain College of Nursing Author?s Note Diane T. Bethmann, MSN Student, Chamberlain College of Nursing Jennifer M. Wood, Department of Nursing Faculty, Chamberlain College of Nursing Read MoreEssay on Personal Experience: Sunday Worship1900 Words   |  8 Pageschurch. I walked into the sanctuary prepared to participate in the Sunday School. I found a seat and readied myself to engage in some meaningful discussion. After sitting for several minutes, I asked one of the gentlemen who was standing at the front of the church if they had already started and where was the lesson coming from. He looked at his watch and indicated that he didn’t know if we had time for Sunday School. A puzzled look came over my face and I couldn’t help but express my confusionRead MoreFowler’s Theory of Faith Development: Understanding Prayer3920 Words   |  16 PagesFowler’s Theory of Faith Development: Understanding Prayer PSY 410: The Psychology of Spiritual Development Spirituality and religion play a significant role in shaping the lives of individuals. Regardless of whether you follow the practices of an organized religion, simply believe in the spiritual life force or claim to not ascribe to religious or spiritual traditions, all of these paths affect the way an individual interacts with the world around them. One of the major influences of religionRead MoreCulture and Religion8004 Words   |  33 Pagesstories, and more. It is within this world that our self-understanding takes place. By saying this, we have already stepped into the world of culture. We realize that religion cannot exist without cultural expressions. Religion, however, is not submerged into culture. Cultural expressions and embodiments of religion can and should be challenged by new experiences of faith. This is also true for Christianity of the past. They are a product of a meeting of faith and culture. In this sense, ChristianRead MoreSMSC12647 Words   |  51 Pagesacross the curriculum 19 7 Assessing SMSC in the primary school 27 8 Citizenship in secondary schools 34 9 The Christian ethos of the school and sex and relationships education 38 10 Resources and websites 39 1 Introduction Since the 1988 Education reform Act schools have had a statutory duty to ‘promote the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society’. The Education (Schools) Act 1992 underlined the importance of this duty by makingRead MoreThe Importance Of Scholarly Research Learning1921 Words   |  8 Pageshighest reported category for Muslim adolescents was adjustment disorder† (p. 107). Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were the second most frequently reported problem at 16.5 percent (Basit, 2010. P.107). Violent behavior at home, at school, or in the community is just 5 percent, and drug abuse is only 3 percent more than likely due to unwillingness to report because of societal perception. Internet/Media Resource Learning In contrast to the scholarly references, internet and media resourcesRead MoreThe Mystical And Contemplative Tradition Of My Faith And Signed Up For Ignatian Spiritual Direction Training3594 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction At a session during a week of 24 hour daily prayer at our local church, something of the crisis of church in the C21st penetrated my soul. The church rector cried out on behalf of a church in decline. I took note. I had begun to explore the mystical and contemplative tradition of my faith and signed up for Ignatian Spiritual Direction training. I joined with a Christian business colleague to lead a small gathering of women who do not relate to church but who wanted to explore their

Totalitarian Society In The Handmaids Tale By Margaret...

In the book The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood, the story’s setting takes place in a totalitarian city, in which the government forces their will upon on the citizens and chooses what they will do in the future, especially for women. The decreasing birth rates causes the formation of this civilization, but the reader soon learn that the way the government tries to fix this problem is wrong, as it leads to more problems such as trust issues, and the inability to see others as equal. The characters in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale all have unique symbolism that represent a real-world problem of having a totalitarian society and how people would act towards it, that can be seen in their personalities, which allows for the reader†¦show more content†¦Throughout the story, Moira stands for a symbol of hope to our narrator. She expresses this feeling when she says, â€Å"Just to catch sight of a face like that is encouragement. If I could just see Moira, just see her, know she still exists.†(73.) It is clear that one of the motivations for surviving and getting through this way of life is her friend. But as the story goes on we find out that the totalitarianism eventually breaks her down in the end. Offred finds out she is still in the society working a place called Jezebel’s (a strip club), and once she sees that not even Moira who has a â€Å"strong and perseverant† personality couldn’t make it out, she herself begins to lose hope. Moira represents that after a while, a society built like this one, structured after a totalitarian government can break down even the strongest of spirits. She shows the difficulty of escaping this sexual totalitarian government, and how once a part of this society it is hard to escape; But Offred tries to fight this way of thinking, but because everyone is so â€Å"on guard† due to this society structure it eventually leads to trust issues with everyone. The way the society is set up in the story, it has lead to nobody knowing really who they can trust. This especially applies to Offred, since her mind set is †I’ve crossed no boundaries, I’ve given no trust, all is safe.†(160) With thisShow MoreRelatedFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1709 Words   |  7 PagesRepublic of Gilead, a dystopian world with a patriarchal society, is displayed in Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale. More specifically, the novel takes place in what used to be considered the United States but is now being called the Republic of Gilead where freedoms and rights have been excluded, especially for women. The society nurtures a â€Å"theocratic, patriarchal, nightmare world created by men, with the complicity of women† (â€Å"Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood†). The separation of the freedoms between the gendersRead MoreOppression Of Women In The Handmaids Tale1732 Words   |  7 Pagesshown in The Handmaid’s Tale When describing the newly established society in The Handmaid’s Tale, the Commander states that â€Å"better never means better for everyone [...] it always means worse, for some† (Atwood, 244). This accurately describes the nature of patriarchal societies, such as the society that is described by Margaret Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale. The Republic of Gilead is a patriarchal society that has religious, and patriarchal values that benefit the men in the society, at the expensesRead MoreHandmaids1019 Words   |  5 Pagesalso its language and construction. This notion articulates profoundly within Margaret Atwood’s novel A Handmaid’s Tale as it is, after all, the author’s manipulation of the language and construction which enacts as vehicles towards the reader’s understanding of the content. A Handmaid’s Tale is a confrontational post-modern work of feminist dystopian fiction; it depicts a protagonist’s struggle to adapt to a totalitarian and theocratic state where language has become corrupted. Without any doubtRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 PagesIn a modern-day society, there are ideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while alsoRead MoreThe Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay2490 Words   |  10 Pagesfreedom from,† (Atwood 24). The Handmaid’s Tale, written by Margaret Atwood, is a novel set in the near future where societal roles have severely changed. The most notable change is that concerning women. Whereas, in the past, women have been gaining rights and earning more â€Å"freedom to’s†, the women in the society of The Handmaid’s Tale have â€Å"freedom froms†. They have the freedom from being abused and having sexist phrases yelled at them by strangers. While this may seem like a safer society, all of theRead MoreFeminism in Top Girls and The Handmaids Tale Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesBoth Top Girls and The Handmaid’s Tale relate to contemporary political issues and feminism. Top Girls was written by Caryl Churchill, a political feminist playwright, as a response to Thatcher’s election as a first female British Prime Minister. Churchill was a British social feminist in opposition to Thatcherism. Top Girls was regarded as a unique play about the challenges working women face in the contemporary business world and society at large. Churchill once wrote: ‘Playwrights don’t give answersRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1709 Words   |  7 PagesOne of Atwood’s bestselling novel is Th e Handmaid’s Tale, a disturbing dystopian fiction novel. The Handmaid’s Tale is a complex tale of a woman’s life living in a society that endorses sexual slavery and inequality through oppression and fear. The female characters in Margaret Atwood’s novel demonstrates how these issues affects women’s lives. Offred is the individual with whom we sympathize and experience these issues. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood addresses her perception of the ongoingRead MoreThe And The Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1260 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, societies should ensure that citizens are free to follow their individual desires for property because property is what ultimately determines the personality and value of each person in society. Nevertheless, totalitarian regimes are forced to restrain both intellectual and private property in order to ensure citizens follow the government’s revolutionary and oppressive rhetoric. Hence, this paper explores the role of property in two of the most well known fundamentalist societies in literatureRead MoreFeminism Lost in Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale, the human spirit has evolved to such a point that it cannot be subdued by complacency. Atwood shows Gilead as an extremist state with strong religious connotations. We see the outcome of the reversal of women’s rights and a totalitarian government which is based on reproduction. Not only is the government oppressive, but we see the female roles support and enable the oppression of other female characters. â€Å"This is an open ended text,†¦conscious of the possibilitiesRead MoreMargaret Atwood : A Social Activist1225 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Atwood: a Social Activist Through Feminist Literature The 1980s signified the continuation of an era of social and political upheaval in the United States of America. At the forefront was a socially conservative agenda that aimed to rescind women’s rights only ratified less than a decade before, a marked display of the nation’s desire to uphold traditional values that defined the preceding generation (Franà §oise). Among the devastating political climate, however, was Margaret Atwood:

Shakespeare’s Early Life Free Essays

Although we have many records of his life as a citizen of Stratford, including marriage and birth certificates, little is known about William Shakespeare†s early life and formal education. Due to his success, many would assume that Shakespeare was born and raised in a wealthy noble family but he was actually raised in what would have been considered a middle class family in their time. He was born to middle class parents who lived in Henley Street, Stratford. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare’s Early Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now His father, John, a local businessman made a living as a glove maker and owned his own leather shop. He was a well-known and much respected man that held several important local governmental positions including that of Borough ale-taster to bailiff, the highest public position of office in Stratford. William spent most of his childhood in the small English town of Stratford-upon-Avon. In the sixteenth century, the town was an important agricultural center and market place. â€Å"It is safe to assume that Shakespeare attended the local grammar school that was built and maintained expressly for the purpose of educating the sons of prominent citizens with the sons of burgesses attending free. â€Å"The King’s New School was staffed with a faculty of teachers who held Oxford degrees, and whose curriculum included mathematics, natural sciences, Latin language and rhetoric, logic, Christian ethics, and classical literature. â€Å"2 As well as a strong grounding at grammar school, the other significant educational opportunity afforded all middle-class Elizabethans was the mandatory attendance at church where they read either the Geneva or the Bishops’ Bible. The ‘Authorized† or King James Bible was not studied by William, as it was not published until the year 1611. Shakespeare did not continue his education and attend the university, since university education was reserved for prospective clergymen and was not a particularly mind-opening experience. However, the education he received at grammar school was excellent, as evidenced by the numerous classical and literary references in his plays. More impressive than his formal education, however, is the wealth of general knowledge exhibited in his works, from a working knowledge of many professions to a vocabulary that is far greater than any other English writer. William Shakespeare married his wife, twenty-six year old Anne Hathaway, at the age of eighteen. Their first daughter, Susanna, was baptized only six months later, which has given rise to much speculation concerning the circumstances surrounding the marriage. In 1585, twins, Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare, were born to the couple. Hamnet died at the young age of eleven by which time Shakespeare had already become a successful playwright. Around 1589, Shakespeare wrote his first play, Henry VI, Part 1. Sometime between his marriage and writing this play, he and his wife moved to London, where he pursued a career as a playwright and actor. In London, he formed an acting company in which he was shareholder, actor, and playwright. â€Å"1 In 1594 Shakespeare became a charter member of The Lord Chamberlain’s Men, a group of actors who later changed their name to The King’s Men when they gained the sponsorship of King James I. Just a few years later he was considered the â€Å"principal comedian† for the troupe and then later became the â€Å"principal tragedian. † Despite the fact that during this time acting and playwriting were not considered noble professions; successful and prosperous actors were relatively well respected. Shakespeare was, in fact, very successful in his career and he became quite wealthy in the process. He invested his money in Stratford real estate and was able to purchase the second largest house in Stratford, the New Place, for his parents. In 1596, Shakespeare applied for a coat of arms for his family, in effect making himself into a gentleman, and his daughters married successfully and wealthily. William Shakespeare lived until 1616 while his wife Anna died in 1623 at the age of sixty-seven. He was buried in the chancel of his church at Stratford. While Shakespeare is best known for his plays, he also wrote some of the most beautiful sonnets ever produced in the English language. â€Å"His sonnets employ-and occasionally mock-such traditional Petrarchan themes as blind devotion, the value of friendship, and love†s enslaving power. â€Å"1 Together Shakespeare†s plays and sonnets have had an enormous influence on the development on the Modern English language. More famous than his sonnets, Shakespeare†s plays constitute the most significant corpus of dramatic literature in the world. Secular drama was Renaissance England†s most original contribution to the humanistic tradition. Shakespeare took the plots for most of his plays from classical history, medieval chronicles, and contemporary romances, but he used such stories merely as springboards for the exploration of human nature-the favorite pursuit of all Renaissance humanists. â€Å"1 Love, sex, jealousy, greed, ambition, and self-deception are among the definitive human experiences Shakespeare examined in his plays. It can be concluded that Shakespeare†s drama is the first Western Literature to probe the psychological focus that motivates human action. His plays communicate a profound knowledge of the wellsprings of human behavior as revealed in his masterful characterizations of a wide gamut of humanity. The skillful use of poetic and dramatic means to create a unified aesthetic effect out of a multiplicity of vocal expressions and actions is recognized as an achievement unequaled in other literature. Finally, Shakespeare†s employment of poetry within the plays to express the deepest levels of human motivation in relation to individual, social, and universal situations is considered one of the most astounding accomplishments of the human intellect. How to cite Shakespeare’s Early Life, Papers

Cattle Shed free essay sample

Optimism in ‘The Cattle Shed’ Imagine this: you are confined in a small room as a prisoner, forced to be a laborer because of the political preference Communism, and the love of your life is locked up in his own ‘cattle shed’. How is a person supposed to stay optimistic in these horrible living conditions? In Ding Ling’s â€Å"Sketches from the ‘Cattle Shed’†, the narrator who is placed in solitary confinement due to being a Communist struggles through her everyday life to survive. Most people would be sullen, defeated and angry, but Ling’s narrator embraces glimmers of hope through her lover’s, C. , secret letters. C. is a very important character supporting Ling’s, his letters in the form of poems are inspiring, hopeful and powerful. They relieve the stress of confinement for only a moment, but the lasting effects change her outlook at the end of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Cattle Shed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Optimism at a time like this is crucial for the narrator and support from her lover is exactly what she needs, C. chooses his words carefully and subtly eases his lover’s tension. This is shown when the beginning and ending lines of the short story are compared and analyzed. The beginning of the short story starts off as a very vivid description of the prison she is in, Ling uses words like, ‘shrill whistle shrieking’, ‘ear piercing sound’, ‘darkness’, and ‘naked electric light bulb’ (142). Ling sets the tone of the story right from the beginning, using this depressing language to enhance the miserable atmosphere she has been placed in. There is hopelessness in the language used at the initial setting described by Ling. Because of the weighted controversy, the reader expects the narrator to continue with her feelings of hopelessness and defeat. However, when the letters by C. are introduced, they fill the narrator with feelings of optimism and inner strength. The letters by C. are very political and poetic. He is acting as a support system for her, to ease the realities of confinement. When Ling receives these letters she describes them as ‘treasures’ and that â€Å"they would accompany me through the world to the end of my days† (150) giving the sense that these are extremely important and vital to her survival- at all times. It is these ‘treasures’ that give her the power to keep her head up high and also reflect on the positive messages from her husband.. She adores them so much that she says, ‘.. poetic exhortations that I recited so often and which became indelibly imprinted on my heart. † (149) There are many key phrases and words that infer this type of optimism In these letters, C. carefully selects optimistic phrases and words like: â€Å"You must live on! †, â€Å"Hope lies in the struggles of your waves. †, â€Å"Forget the names of those people who harmed you; hold fast to the names of those who stretched out a helping hand in times of difficulty. (149), and â€Å"Straighten your back; fearlessly live on. † (150). Each sentence, carefully written and thought out, were subtle ways to strengthen that hope, to give Ling any small amount of happiness to hold on to. Although Ling still feels like a captive and cannot bear to be away from her lover, she realizes, â€Å"He sought to bring a smile to my face with his optimistic words, but I was already incapable of smiling† (155). Ling feels like she has nothing left to look forward to, she cannot even bear to smile at her husband for the last time. She doesn’t understand that it will be the last time seeing each other, but the fact that she does realize that he is putting in the effort to put her emotions before his own shows that she’s embracing the optimism not by choice but for her undying love for C. The language that is used at the end of the novel, more specifically the last sentence, shows the transfer of C. ’s hope, into the emotions of Ling’s narrator. It reads, â€Å"His arm was raised high, as if in a carefree, joyous, warm farewell to a friend setting out on a journey to distant parts† (155). The language used here ‘carefree, joyous, warm’ all contrast with the hollow hopeless words from the beginning. If she had not been touched by his uplifting words in the letters, the language to describe his departure would be more depressing and heart-wrenching. By looking closely at the beginning and the ending of the short story, the reader can see how his poems/letters shaped her negative, worrisome thoughts into becoming more freeing and positive.

Motivating Employees in the Hospitality Industry

Motivating Employees in the Hospitality Industry

Alls Quiet on the Western Fro essays

All's Quiet on the Western Fro essays Alls Quiet on the Western Front Lewis Milestones Alls Quiet on the Western Front, based on Erich Remarques novel, is an incredibly disturbing and effective anti-war film. The grainy black and white film is still not outdated and carries a breathtaking initial impact. The prologue that introduces the film gives its anti-war intentions immediately and beautifully. This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war... Alls Quiet on the Western Front includes a series of vignettes and scenes that portray the senselessness and futility of war from the point of view of young German soldiers in the trenches in the Great War who found no glory on the battlefield, meeting only death and disillusionment. The film brilliantly portrays the war with no enemys, just people and relationships. It is the story of friends, Paul Baumer (Lew Ayres) and his friends joining the war through propaganda, and leaving through death. The most unforgettable scene is the final moments of the film, just before the "all quiet on the western front" armistice and with all of his comrades gone, soldiers are bailing water out of a dilapidated trench. The faint sound of a harmonica can be heard. Paul is sitting alone, daydreaming inside the trench on a seemingly peaceful, bright day. He is exhausted by terror and boredom. Through the gunhole of his trench, he sees a beautiful lone butterfly that has landed just beyond his reach next to a discarded tin can outside the parapet. He begins to carefully reach out over the protection of his bunker with his hand to grasp it, momentarily forgetting the danger that is ever-present. As he stretches hi ...

Financial Information Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Information Course work - Essay Example Q2: The auditor’s report of Tesco Plc. has shown the company in a positive manner by endorsing the accounts of the company as complied with the applicable requirements of Section 428 of the Companies Act 2006. It also shows that the company is not involved in any fraudulent activities and a ‘clean opinion’ is given by the independent auditors which will create positive sentiments for its shareholders. It is clear that auditors have carefully examined every financial recording and notes presented in the Consolidated Income Statement and Balance Sheet and have read all notes attached to be completely sure of the accounting being done in compliance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Auditor’s report acts as a guarantee that the company is not involved in any deceptive practices which may harm the company in the long run and its shareholders. Auditor’s report generates satisfaction among its stakeholders about the financial strength of the company. Also it helps increase the accuracy of investors’ perceptions by reducing investors’ overconfidence. When investors’ perceptions are more accurate, their prediction of asset worth is closer to economic predictions and the profits get evenly distributed. Q3: Ratio Expression 2010 2009 2010 result 2009 result Industry Average ROE 16.9% 17.2% 19% Gross Profit margin 8.1% 7.8% 10% Net Profit Margin 4.1% 4.0% 3% Current Ratio 0.7 times 0.8 times 1.7 times Inventory Turnover Period 18.8 days 18.7 days 50 days Payables’ turnover period 18.3days 19.4 days 20 days Gearing Ratio 54% 74.4% 4% P/E Ratio 14.3 x 12.3 x 9.0 x Note: Purchases for the year are calculated as: Cost of goods sold + closing stock – opening stock. Q4 2010 (in million $) 2009 (in million $) change Sales $56910 $53898 5.58% increase Operating Profit $3457 $3169 9.1% increase Share price $419.7 $333.2 26% increase Note: (only share price at 27th February is considered.) Q5: A nalysis: Return on equity shows the return gained by shareholder by investing $1 in the organization. ROE of Tesco Plc. fell marginally from 17.2% in 2009 to 16.9% in 2010. Although the net income increased during this period, the fall in ROE is due to Tesco Plc’s focus on equity rather than on debt to finance its operations. Compared to the industry average it is below par but looking at the future growth prospects and the scale of operations which Tesco has expanded into, the company’s return would move up in the future. It is evident from the fact that the sales have climbed up by 5.58% from $53,898m to $56,910m. It is notable that Tesco Plc.’s sales have significantly increased internationally as the percentage of international sales to the total sales have increased from 24% in 2005 to 31% in 2009. This will continue to do so and would reflect with a higher percentage increase in the upcoming years. However, the gross profit margin is mere 8% of the sales w hich means that a higher proportion of the sales are cancelled out by the cost of goods sold. There has been an increase in the Gross Profit Margin from 7.76% last year to 8.09% in 2010 which is complimentary to the increase in Sales. Comparing it to the industry the ratio is lower, however compared to previous year the margin has increased and therefore would come up to the industry average in due time. The Net profit margin of Tesco Plc has increased to 4.1% in 2010

Conflict of Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conflict of Interest - Essay Example The biasness he will show at that point will give rise to conflicts. Moreover, an example may be, if there is some kind of affection between the boss and the employee and as a result the boss gives advantage to that specific employee. In this process unintentionally or intentionally other employees will suffer and this is what conflict of interests is all about. Now there are actually two types of conflicts; potential conflicts and actual conflicts. The potential conflict occurs when there is a divergence between the personal and professional interests of an individual. The above examples are potential conflict based. The actual conflict depends on the situation not on the actions of the individuals. Nowadays actual conflicts are not as common as potential conflicts are. Potential conflict can be considered as a red flag, which means that the person involved in the conflict must be careful with whatever he is doing before it turns out to transform into an actual conflict. As the pote ntial conflict can take the shape of an actual conflict that is why the officials should remain vigilant and they should keep a keen eye on whatever is happening in the organization (Campbell and Keith, 122-126). Conflict of interest has always been an indicator of moral wrongness. Moral wrongness refers to the act of doing something that is morally wrong. It is prohibited and prevented at all cost but if it happens then the consequences are devastating. There are two reasons on the basis of which conflict of interest are considered as an indicator of moral wrongness; 1. If a person who is involved in the conflict of interest does not know what he is doing, this negligent behavior has an adverse effect on the people he is being biased for and for those whom he is not being bias as well. This is morally wrong because every employee should be treated equally according to his rank and any kind of biasness among the employees will be considered morally wrong. 2. If the people who are su ffering don’t know at the moment that a conflict is taking place and the person who is involved in the conflict also doesn’t reveal this to them, then this whole act will be termed as deception. Deceiving someone is also morally wrong. It not only hurts the person but it also disappoints him. If equal effort is being made then what is the reason of this conflict of interest. Let us take the same example given above. It is related to an organization in which an employer hires his wife for a job. Their personal relation will obviously affect their professional life. The husband will obviously be bias for his wife. He will not consider her as an employee and as a result other employees will suffer. The amount of bonuses and promotions she will get will be much more then the amount given to other employees. Apart from this she will also not be fired for her lousy performance but she will be given many chances to improve herself while other employees will be fired at the in stant no matter how hardworking and efficient they are. This act will sometimes be noticed by the other employees and sometimes they will not be able to note that conflict is taking place. The moment they know that their boss is involved in a conflict they will definitely be disappointed and if in some cases they do not get to know then also the boss will be involved in a case of deception. This act of biasness and deception shows that conflict of interest is always an indicator of

Critically consider the role of insurance law and practice in the Essay - 1

Critically consider the role of insurance law and practice in the regulation of international business transactions - Essay Example However, this investigation identifies the implication of such other dissimilarities; in which some are genuine, financial and social while others pertain to areas of the law diverse with contract law, especially to commonsensical regulation besides taxation. These dissimilarities comprise of: knowing your customer, language, consideration for the real risk suggested for cover, culture, plus prospects of the native policyholder, the prerequisite to handle local claims, the procedure and occurrence of scams, tax law environment, labor law environment, the lawful, monitoring and managerial environment, and international compensation options. This paper draws its arguments on expert knowledge and know-how by referring to statistical data except where unambiguously stated. Insurance is a universally known model that pronounces the act of protecting against risk that may befall the insured. The individual in quest of an insurance policy is called the insured while the firm that receives the insurance premium from the individual to cover a risk is referred to as the insurer. The price is referred to as an insurance premium which can be used by the insured to cover many risks. Insurance reinforces a healthy and successful society, empowering businesses and people to safeguard themselves against risk1. It is is not only essential for a distinct customer or entrepreneur but also has implications for the general economy, reinstating businesses to better conditions after natural catastrophes such as hurricanes and floods. In addition, insurance products and services are also vital in international business. Insurance undertakings include insurance, reinsurance and coinsurance, in addition to undertakings unswervingly related to insurance. These undertakings of insurance are well-thought-out to include insurance contracts, implementing insurance contract requirements and going through the procedures for prevention and reducing the risks involved

Violence Against Nursing Workplace Health And Social Care Essay

Violence Against Nursing Workplace Health And Social Care Essay Nurses are on the front lines and the back bones in the health sectors . Workplace violence is becoming an important issue that all organizations, these behaviours , especially that of bullying are detrimental and effect staff , patients , and outcome. Violence are defined as ( an incident that results in physical injury).(Duncan, Hyndan 2001 as cited in Denise,2009). Regarding to many research I found that nurses in emergency department and in mental health sectors are the most high risk staff who are facing violence form patients , their families and visitors because of many factors that I will discussed on my paper . The aim of my research is review background of workplace violence . In addition to, identify situations and specific patient groups susceptible to being involved .Furthermore , identify the most health care sectors that are more susceptible to violence and factors leading to violence in these sectors depend on research articles to support my paper .Besides, identify the best nursing practice in the management of patient hostile behaviour and violence because nurses play a major role and the most staff dealing with different type of patient and cases. Finally, identify the role of health sector to minimize the risk of violence against nurses and the recommendation need it to prevent violence in health sectors . Violence against Nursing in Health sectors Work place violence is a serious occupational risk towards nursing.(International Council of nurses 2002 , Mc paul and Moore 2004 as cited in Jessica, Altair ,Lara, Cathy, Linda and Susan,2009).In hospital violence occurs most frequently in psychiatric wards, emergency departments ,waiting room ,and geriatric units.(Sofield and Salmond 2003 as cited in Jessica et al., 2009) they conducted studies and found that 35% to 80% of hospital staff suffering from violence either if its verbally or physically.. The causes of work site violence are multifaceted and diverse .In hospitals ,clinics, health home setting, co-workers ,family members, patients or visitors may cause or contribute to violent events.(MaggieTerriy,2005).The escalating risk in emergency department environment are reflective of patient under influence of drugs and alcohol abuse are often associated factors in patient-initiated violence on nursing staff , miscommunication and low staff levels leads to anger and long waiting times for patient.( Chalermrat , Virasakdi ,Suparnee ,Teem Rassamee,2008 ).Beside, related to emergency situation and increasing number of patient with dementia and psychosis .Other risk factors are prevalence of guns and weapons that being carried by patients and their family or friends. (Gordan,Donna,MargretPatricia,2010).In addition , lack of staff training or visible security ward. For instance, patients illnesses and unpleasant feeling ,as well as, the anxious and stress by patients and their fami ly member and also visitors are often escalated by not enough space All these factors contributing and may incite physical and verbal abuse against emergency department staff. On the other hand, nurses working in psychiatric setting have a higher risk for becoming victims of violence too. According to Gordon and Donna and Margared and Patricia,2010 was conducted a research about Workplace Violence in Health care Setting : Risk factors and protective Strategies and identify the risk factors in to perpetrator ,worker and setting environment risk factors. The perpetrator risk factors such as patient with mental health disorder like dementia, schizophrenia and alcohol and drug abuse have been associated with risk for workplace violence .However, setting and environmental factors that were related to increase risk for violence included day time versus evening and nighttimes hours .Equally important, work factors that were associated with violence include workers gender , the research show that women experienced a higher risk of verbal violence ,in contrast, men experienced physical violence.Besides,other characteristics of worker factors are number of hours wor ked per week and marital status. Employees in health care settings cant prevent all violent events,however,they can use vary strategies to protect themselves against consequence of workplace violence. Management of patient violence Nurses Violence against nurses can be dangerous aspect of ones nursing career. By providing the greatest amount of direct services to patients. nurses play a very great degree valuable role in the quality and efficiency of care and curative services.(Myduc,Stephen,Jay,Carri,Kenneth,2009). Violence can be prevented and avoided by nurses who are aware ,well trained and in control .Nursing care should be in corporate activities within the domains of providing physical, psychological and emotional support through assess physical and emotional and psychological needs for violent .In addition to maintain privacy and personal safety. Besides physical and emotional support , the nurses should enhance safety of the patient and their family by focusing on the needs of family as a whole ,also full assessment for patient and family . In addition , a calm environment and greeting can stop noisy arguments ..(Maggie and Terry,2005). Moreover, good communication skills and proper intervention are more important to reduce the effects on mental health people and performance because some patient who are violence under the influence of drugs and alcohol even the visitors of patient.(Chalermrat et al.,2008). Finally, promote self efficacy by provide patient care plan ,health education and provide information about local and national help and support and available opinion. Further-more ,encourage safety planning and recognizing the patients experience regarding their situation and respecting and support patient and their family decision.(Gordon,2008). Violence preventing training for hospital is one step in reducing the incidence of violence in hospital emergency rooms. Potentially, violence patients and visitors can be recognized by the hospital staff by attending training in violence prevention .Also, alert supervisors to any concerns about safety and report all incident immediately in writting.(Tessa,Sue,Maureen,John,Martha,Sabina,Sandra,Greg,2010). Staffs work together or with a professionally trained individual to provide an open atmosphere in which to discuss the critical violent incident and need to learn donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t meet aggression with aggression. Role of health care sector All of the government initiatives in arrangement in light fixture and making the manager responsible to ensure well-being of their staff and put place reporting and monitoring systems ,but more emphasis is need in identity of the trigger factors to patient behaviour and appropriate management. Similarly, the nurse play major role with violent patient ,of course the health sector play a major role to protect their staff and preventing violence .Facility administrator should provide a culture of support to those person who experience violence exposures in the work. In addition , can use a conventional and a credible system data to develop programs that increase staff safety and reduce the occurrence of violence exposure. To prevent and avoid violence , staff need to understand both violent activities and their development in the workplace . Education the staff regarding the function , role and responsibilities of the emergency nurse and the department may reduce the tension between staff. Also, education and training staff in the administration regarding the appropriate response to aggression behaviour if necessary. Moreover, close relationship with the police to tackle violence against staff to deal with the abuse behaviour once occurs.(Magie,2005). Equally important, provide enough staff member including nursing, medical officer support and security staff , besides , reduction of waiting time and the development policies and procedures to deal with the situation in case of emergency. Finally, provide video camera in emergency department to be used as evidence if necessary.(Ontario Nurses association,2008). Conclusion Nursing is a hard profession its physically and intellectually demanding. It requires patience and ability to relate to diverse types of patients ,communication skills and flexibility. Violence at work place is a complex problem which demand multifunctional actions and cooperation even with safety policies and procedures in place ,hospital and other health care setting can be dangerous places ,filled with individuals who are under stress .Part of nurses job to raise awareness in the health and aged care sectors and the community about the incidence of violence and its unacceptability as a workplace hazard are beginning to empower nurses to report violent incidents, to act to minimize risk , and to ensure their employers accept their legal obligations to provide a safe place for nurses to work and to provide care for the community. Work place violence is unacceptable not only in nursing place ,but also in all workplace . An important planning ,systematic assessment and effective responses strategies are necessary to deal with mental health illness and violent patient in any sectors ,some times its difficult, but by training sessions and copying strategies it could help to prepare nurses for violence in workplace. Failure to prevent workplace violence , it could result in prosecution , loss of valuable employees , productivity and efficiency. (Stella,MalcolmJan,2008).

Workaholism, Leisure And Pleasure Essay -- essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites The official working week is being reduced to 35 hours a week. In most countries in the world, it is limited to 45 hours a week. The trend during the last century seems to be unequivocal : less work, more play. Yet, what may be true for blue collar workers or state employees – is not necessarily so for white collar members of the liberal professions. It is not rare for these people – lawyers, accountants, consultants, managers, academics – to put in 80 hour weeks. The phenomenon is so widespread and its social consequences so damaging that it acquired the unflattering nickname workaholism, a combination of the words â€Å"work† and â€Å"alcoholism†. Family life is disrupted, intellectual horizons narrow, the consequences to the workaholic’s health are severe : fat, lack of exercise, stress take their toll. Classified as â€Å"alpha† types, workaholics suffer three times as many heart attacks as their peers. But what are the social and economic roots of this phenomenon ? Put succinctly, it is the result of the blurring borders and differences between work and leisure. The distinction between these two types of time – the one dedicated to labour and the one spent in the pursuit of one’s interests – was so clear for thousands of years that its gradual disappearance is one of the most important and profound social changes in human history. A host of other shifts in the character of the work and domestic environments of humans converged to produce this momentous change. Arguably the most important was the increase in labour mobility and the fluid nature of the very concept of work and the workplace. The transitions from agricultural to industrial, then to the services and now to the information and knowledge societies, each, in turn, increased the mobility of the workforce. A farmer is the least mobile. His means of production are fixed, his produce was mostly consumed locally because of lack of proper refrigeration, preservation and transportation methods. A marginal group of people became nomad-traders. This group exploded in size with the advent of the industrial revolution. True, the bulk of the workforce was still immobile and affixed to the production floor. But raw materials and the finished products travelled long distances ... ...eneurs, the managers, the businessmen. They are the movers, the shakers, the pushers, the energy. Without them, we have socialist economies, where everything belongs to everyone and, actually to none. In these economies of â€Å"collective ownership† people go to work because they have to, they try to avoid it, to sabotage the workplace, they harbour negative feelings. Slowly, they wither and die (professionally) – because no one can live long in hatred and deceit. Joy is an essential ingredient. And this is the true meaning of capitalism : the abolition of work and leisure and the pursuit of both with the same zeal and satisfaction. Above all, the (increasing) liberty to do it whenever, wherever, with whomever you choose. Unless and until the Homo East Europeansis changes his set of mind – there will be no real transition. Because transition happens in the human mind much before it takes form in reality. It is no use to dictate, to legislate, to finance, to cajole, to offer – the human being must change first. It was Marx (a devout non-capitalist) who said : it is consciousness that determines reality. How right was he. Witness the USA and witness the miserable failure of communism.

Comparing Evidence of Both Norse and African Presence

In pre- Columbian America there is evidence to show that there were both Norse and African presence present before the arrival of Christopher Columbus’ maiden voyage in 1492. The presence of the Africans was first stated by Christopher Columbus himself in his voyage diaries, which he claimed was told to him by an Indian on his second voyage. This was later solidified by Portuguese seamen who also told of African navigation to Columbus. On the other hand the Nordic Movement into pre- Columbian America was stimulated by the adventurous and nomadic nature of the Norsemen.The men hailed from Northern Britain, Scandinavia, Northern Germany and the Netherlands. They were also known as Northman which was interchangeable with the term ‘Viking’. This essay will assess the botanical, archaeological and oceanography evidence along with the African and Egyptian Cultural history of the African presence along with the botanical, metallurgical, archaeological, cartographical, or al and written evidence of the Nordic presence in the pre- Columbian America.To prove that African presence existed in pre-Colombian America before Columbus’ arrival Professor Van Sertima presented archaeological evidence in many forms. The first piece of archaeological evidence was the Guanine. The Italian account Raccolta of the voyages reads â€Å"there were pieces of gua-nin as large as carvel’s poop. †1 This alloy existed predominantly with Africans who were outside of the Atlantic World. It was generally found on the tips of spears and other weapons making this an important component for the indigenous societies.The trading of this alloy was extensive between the Africans and the Indigenous people. â€Å"†¦ and he (Columbus) wanted to find out what the Indians of Hispaniola had told him, that there had come to it from the south and southwest Negro people, who brought those spear points made of a metal which they called guanine, of which he had sent t o the king and queen for assaying, and which was found to have thirty two arts, eighteen of gold, six of silver, and eight of copper. † – Raccolta, PARTE , VOL. This piece of archaeological evidence helps Van Sertima to show that before Columbus arrived there was interaction between the Africans and the people of the Atlantic World via the form of trade. â€Å"The Negroid element is well proven by the large Olmec stone monuments as well as the terracotta items and therefore cannot be excluded from the pre-Columbian history of the Americas. †- ALEXANDER VON WUTHENAU2. The most important of all the archaeological findings of African presence were that of the Negroid Olmec heads found in La Venta, Tres Zapotes and San Lorenzo, between the period of 1939-1940.This piece of evidence was the most concrete of all that Van Sertima collected to explain pre-Columbian African contact. These were large carved stone heads reaching six to nine feet high, weighing up to forty t ons each3 and were carved out of basalt stone. When they were unearthed in both central and south America it was declared by Van Sertima â€Å"There is no denying their negroness either, the features are not only nergo African in type but individual in their facial particulars cancelling out the possibility of ritual stereotypes of an unknown race produced by some quirk of the sculptor’s imagination. Not only did these heads have the facial features of that of an African but on one of the stone heads dug up was found to have Ethiopian braids These Olmec heads were the most convincing pieces of evidence of African presence in the pre-Columbian presence that Van Sertima presented in his theory.As much as archaeological evidence is important so is oral history and traditions, as quoted â€Å"We are vessels of speech, we are the repositories which harbour secrets many centuries old without us the names of kings would vanish from oblivion, we are the memory of mankind; by the sp oken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings of younger generations†4. There are oral records within African societies giving parallel accounts and evidence to substantiate the findings presented in Van Sertima’s theory. The story of king Abubakari of the ancient Mali kingdom was passed down orally from generation to generations.King Abubakari set sail in 1311 with a well equipped naval fleet to cross the Atlantic although he failed within the evidence that is presented now of his arrival around the time that links African presence in south America. It also highlights the fact that it was more than just a mere coincidence thus showing a direct link and connection between two civilizations. Professor Van Sertima also present evidence in oceanography to verify historical reports and accounts the journey from West Africa to the Americas was possible.Geographical research shows that there are three major current off the coast of Africa leading automatically to the Americas. Perhaps Heyerdahl’s greatest contribution has been shown by example that long voyages in â€Å"primitive† craft were not impossible. This may have been necessary for some Amercanists; it was not for those who knew the sea5. Thor Heyerdahl; a Norwegian writer and explorer made more than an academic study of these ships used. Heyerdahl put the ship building ideas and designs of the ancient Egyptians to a practical test to make it across the Atlantic to the Americas from Africa.Using the most primitive of the boats; built from the papyrus reed Heyerdahl conducted two experiments with the vessels Ra and Ra which visualized the Trans Atlantic Current. The Ra set out from Safi, on the Atlantic coast of North Africa, on May 25, 1969. It sailed to within a few days of the New World before it got into serious trouble. The Heyerdahl expedition had made one mistake†¦ A smaller model, Ra, built on the identical Egyptian pattern†¦ made it across the Atlanti c from Africa successfully6.This experiment proved to be successful crediting the theory that the Africans may have used the sea route to reach the Atlantic World. The adoption of a new plant is no simple matter. It requires the adoption of a whole complex of knowledge about the plant’s ecological requirements, and often also about the human usage of the plant. The presence of even one transferred plant means that a quite effective contact has been made between two people7. In traditional Africa their main form of currency was the use of shells and cocoa beans as currency rather than other symbolic items.This factor could be seen translated in the currency of the Mesoamericans as Botanical continuities was presented by the presence of African species found in the Americas for example the Jack bean is believed to be a crop of African origin that was brought to the Americans before Columbus’ arrival, West African yam has also been found in the America additionally other plants that became a major aspect of the Atlantic World such as banana and maize hints towards African cultural influences in the region. On the other hand now there is the theory that the Vikings were here before Columbus as well.The most prominent source of evidence of pre-Columbian Viking contact with the New World can be found in the Icelandic Annals (chronicles): Islending book, Flateyjar book and Landnama book. Evidently this area which is now the home of the copper Eskimo and other Eskimo, was occupied by the Eskimos in Viking times, for its Icelandic name of the map is Einjoetingidand (Land of the Einfoeting). The story of Einfoeting related in the Icelandic saga of Rarlsefni is declared by Godfrey to be â€Å"wholly impossible. †8 Initially these sagas were passed on orally until Adam of Brehemin also known as Adamus Brenamus of Cleric began transcribing these tories in 1070. These sagas made special reference to the New World described are generally termed ‘Vi nland’ but are found in sections of the Greenlanders saga and Erik â€Å"the Red†. The sagas documented the arrival to three territories: Helluland (flat), Markland (timber) and Vinland (grapes), which were taken to be now Baffin Island, Labrador and Newfoundland in Canada. Correspondence with Newfoundland officials, Lloyd’s explorations in 1873, and preliminary explorations for the author by Alf Budden of Sops Arm, Newfoundland, in 1940 indicated that the Sops Arm area was the site of the first Norse settlement in Vinland9.Most important of these places mentioned in the sagas seemed to have been Vinland as several expeditions were taken to that place. Some of the expeditions were taken by: Lief Erikson, Thorvald Erikson, Thorstein Erikson, Thorfin Karlefin, Freydis Erikson. It was wildly believed that is now present day L’Anse aux Meadows. Other than their sagas the Vikings had more concrete evidence in cartography and mapmaking. The interpretation of th e Viking charts by the author has been verified by the Hydrographic Office of the U. S. Navy10.A world map adated about 1440 was found in 1965, this map clearly showed locations of Vinland. It was found in a book called the Vinland map and â€Å"Tartar relation†. Irrefutable evidence of the Vikings’ discoveries in America is their navigation charts. These were marked in Old Icelandic the names they gave to the areas they discovered. Showing coasts and waterways of ancient America, they belong to a series of more than 35 maps of the ancient world which have been preserved for thousands of years in various parts of the Old World11.We can conclude from this that this piece of evidence supported the theory of Viking presence in pre-Columbian America. â€Å"Two iron shovels were found, one in an Enkieling furnace and one in a hearth-pit furnaces . A. M. Hall, metallurgist of the Battelle Memorial Institute, examined these shovels and reported that they had been made by cla dding two carburized iron sheets together†12. Evidence of Norse style smelting was uncovered at an excavation site in L’Anse aux Meadows. Iron manufacturing was an activity where bogore, which was a form of iron from which bogs was processed in order to make boat nails.This need for boats nails explains the introduction for iron smelting in the Americas. â€Å"Two Enkielings of the pit type, two of the above ground type, and ten hearth-pit furnaces were excavated in the Deer Creek Valley. There were three kinds of hearth-pit furnaces, all types that were used in the Old World before the fourteenth centurary†13. This piece of evidence solidifies the theory of the Vikings’ presence. During the excavation at the site in L’Anse aux Meadows, the Norwegian explorer; Helge Ingstads, found remnants of a Viking settlement in L’Anse aux Meadows in 1960.This was founded in the province of Newfoundland in Canada along with butternut; three to be exact, t hat were preserved. More importantly these bogs found contained tanic acid which can preserve both organic and inorganic materials for centuries. The presence of these butternuts suggests that they were transported to the area rather than grown there. This adds more value to the pre-Columbian Nordic presence theory. Also a burl which is a roundish, warty outgrowth from the trunk and roots of certain trees of butternut wood was also found in the bog.Thus it can be safely concluded that Vikings brought this wood with them. Similarly items made with Scott’s pine also known as pinus Sylvertris were found in the bog. Again this type of wood did not grow in that area and it was common for utensils to be made from it in the Old World. The most impressive evidence of Vikings in the New World comes from L’Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland. In 1960 most of the archaeological evidence was gathered there from excavation by Ingstad. The Ingstads found a Norse sit e one hundred metres from the ocean shore comprising of three complexes.All the buildings were located on a narrow beach terries surrounding a sedge peat bog and a wet sphagnum bog. These houses have usually been circular; if they were rectangular, their width was only slightly less than their length14. The early Scandinavians up to the 12th century lived in dwellings which were different from all other communal houses in the old World because they were long, narrow, one room, one story buildings with two passage ways and a long central hearth extending lengthwise through the building.The only lighting came from the fire on the hearth and through openings left in the roof to permit smoke to escape15. The buildings were made from a timber frame covered in sod and the roofs were steeply peaked. Some items found at this site that were preserved in the bog included wood shavings and chips from the carpentry shop, items of broken wood, tree nails which were used in their ship building, p lank patch for cracked boat stakes, a bow for an auger and pieces of rope made from spruce roots. Also a Viking coin was found at the Goddard site dating to A.D. 1070. The coin was the only Norse artefact found. I t was also determined to be in this place16 because of trade between the Vikings and Native Americans17. In conclusion it can be noted that from all the evidence put forward of both Norse and African presence in the pre-Columbian Americas some out weight the other in being concrete historical evidence. However it can be said that due to all this evidence it can be stated that there was interaction between both groups and the indigenous peoples before the arrival of the Europeans.Sources 1. Leo Wiener, African and the Discovery of America, Philadelphia, Innes and Sons, 1920-1922, Vol. 1. 2. Alexander Von Wuthenau, The Art of Terra-cotta Pottery in Pre-Columbian South and Central America 3. Michael Coe, Mexico, New York, Praeger Publishers, 1962 p. 88 4. The Words of the Mal i Griot Mamadou Kouyate, Quoted in D. T. Niane, Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali A. D. 1217- 1237 5. Clinton Edwards, Man Across the Sea 6. Thor Heyerdahl, â€Å"Isolationist or Diffusionist? † in Ashe, op. cit. . G. F. Carter, â€Å"Movement of People and Ideas,† In Plants and Migrations, edited by J. Barrau 8. Godfrey 1955: 36 9. Mallery 1951: 11 10. Walters 1956: 2-5 11. Walters 1956: 2 12. Mallery 1951:134a 13. Mallery 1951: 193, 193d, 194b, 196d 14. â€Å"Vikings in America : Theories and Evidence† (American Anthropologists 7:35-43) 15. Norlwnd 1924: 77ff; Roussell1934: 34ff; Dasent 1861:XCV 16. The Fact and Fiction of Vikings in America, Archaeology of Vikings in the U. S. , Kari L. Springer 17. William 1991:222

Other Causes Involved in the S essays

Other Causes Involved in the S essays Other Causes Involved in the Sinking of the R.M.S. Titanic On the night of April 14,1912 the luxury line R.M.S. Titanic sank in to the cold North Atlanic ocean. Although the collison with an iceburg was the main cause of ships sinking, a closer examanation of the events that lead up to the historic tragedy revealed that other factors were involves. Crew neglegienc, construction oversights, inspection errors, and even the unpreventable played parts in the most famous shipwerck in history. The Titanic was built by Harland and Wolfe shipyards and owned by the White Star Line Company, of Liverpool, England whose owner was American millionaire J. Pierpont Morgan. The main reason that the Titanic was built was to beat out the other large luxury liner competition. Its main purpose was to be the biggest and the best. Ironically, this goal turned out to be one of the Titanics downfalls. The Titanic weighed approximately 46,328 tons, was 882.5 feet long, measured 60.5 feet from the waterline to her boat deck, 175 feet from keel to the top of her four massive funnels, and was 92.5 feet wide. Capable of achieving 22 knots Titanic was not only the fastest moving man made object in the world, but also one of the largest. The Titanic disaster may have been foreshadowed by a struggling young author in 1898 (Lord, 97). It was that year when Morgan Robertson wrote of a large luxury liner called the Titan in a book called Futitlity. The Titan was a vast, luxurious ship that sank after a collision with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean and had less than enough life boats for its passengers. The similarities between Robertsons Titan and the Titanic are uncanny. In fact, every detail of the fictional Titan matched with the real Titanic, including the amount of lifeboats, the iceberg in the North Atlantic and the size of the boat itself (Robertson, n.p.). Besides the iceberg there were other factors involved in the s...

Free Essays on Legal

Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois is a court case pertaining to the cut of the men’s swim team at the University of Illinois in regards to Title IX. Some men on the swim team felt that by their team being cut and not the women’s swim team also being cut that it was a violation of Title IX. Those men then took legal actions against the University. Female participation at the University of Illinois has always been disproportionate to the female undergraduate enrollment. So, when the school was faced with a $600,000 athletic budget deficit the school decided to cut some sports programs. The school cut four teams- men’s swimming, men’s fencing, and men’s and women’s diving. While the University’s decision to cut athletic programs was motivated by budget considerations, other considerations- including the need to comply with Title IX- influenced the selection of particular programs to be terminated. The men on the swim team argued that â€Å"if a university is required by Title IX to eliminate men from varsity competition†¦, then the same Title IX should require the university to eliminate women from the academic departments where they are over-represented and men from departments where they have been over-represented. Such a result would be ridiculous.† The plaintiffs believe that the substantial proportionality test contained in the agency’s policy interpretation of that regulation establishes a gender-based quota system. The plaintiffs also argued that the university’s decision to eliminate the men’s swimming program while retaining the women’s program denied them equal protection of the law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiffs contend that the applicable rules allow â€Å"the University to†¦ improve its statistics without adding any opportunities for women†¦,† an outcome they suggest is unconstitut... Free Essays on Legal Free Essays on Legal Identity is socially constructed in contemporary American society, it’s important to establish the clear meaning for constructionism to understand it. Identity is constructed through social, political, legal, scientific, and other practices. From this traditional perspective, differences and stereotypes among people are created through social processes. Identity is a very important part of today’s society. For example, in the school environment, if we humanize the students to find common threads that bind us together, and respect the differences in each of our cultures, students will feel empowered to continue exploring their own identities and weave it on. Traditional notions of identity are explained in depth in Jorge Duany’s article entitled, â€Å"On Borders and Boundaries: Contemporary Thinking in Cultural Identity.† He talks about the intense ideological and emotional overtones of the question of national identity in Puerto Rico and elsewhere. In the reading there is a quote that talks about identity being derived from history, culture, and language. This is what is thought to be the traditional way of seeing identity. Identities are constructed in a certain formation rather than fixed from birth or through an individual’s life cycle. This notion is challenged, and I believe that â€Å"structuralist thinkers view the construction of cultural identities as a process of erecting symbolic boundaries and narrating stories to represent the self and the other.† A perfect illustration of identity as a social construction is with the artist Shakira. She just crossed over into mainstream American entertainment, this is a business where you have to look a certain way all the time and act a certain way. There are many people that will argue that they preferred Shakira when she just sang in Spanish and had her dark hair with red streaks. Now that she crossed into the mainstream, her image has changed completely; s he is the d... Free Essays on Legal Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois is a court case pertaining to the cut of the men’s swim team at the University of Illinois in regards to Title IX. Some men on the swim team felt that by their team being cut and not the women’s swim team also being cut that it was a violation of Title IX. Those men then took legal actions against the University. Female participation at the University of Illinois has always been disproportionate to the female undergraduate enrollment. So, when the school was faced with a $600,000 athletic budget deficit the school decided to cut some sports programs. The school cut four teams- men’s swimming, men’s fencing, and men’s and women’s diving. While the University’s decision to cut athletic programs was motivated by budget considerations, other considerations- including the need to comply with Title IX- influenced the selection of particular programs to be terminated. The men on the swim team argued that â€Å"if a university is required by Title IX to eliminate men from varsity competition†¦, then the same Title IX should require the university to eliminate women from the academic departments where they are over-represented and men from departments where they have been over-represented. Such a result would be ridiculous.† The plaintiffs believe that the substantial proportionality test contained in the agency’s policy interpretation of that regulation establishes a gender-based quota system. The plaintiffs also argued that the university’s decision to eliminate the men’s swimming program while retaining the women’s program denied them equal protection of the law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiffs contend that the applicable rules allow â€Å"the University to†¦ improve its statistics without adding any opportunities for women†¦,† an outcome they suggest is unconstitut...

Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict Resolution - Essay Example   My main means of relieving stress is through singing. Therefore, during tense situations, I sing, thus engaging my mind in an activity. b). Recognize and manage emotions- when faced with a conflict, I recognize and understand my emotions as well as emotions from other people. This assists me in ensuring I communicate effectively and appropriately thereby, smoothing over disagreements (Segal, Boose, & Smith, 2013). Moreover, I am strongly connected to my feelings and therefore, have the ability to face and tackle differences arising at home, work, or any social place. c) Improvement on nonverbal skills - when faced with conflict, I do pay close attention to the nonverbal signals of the other individual. This assists me in understanding statements from the person and thus, able me to respond in a suitable manner while getting to the base of the problem (Segal, Boose, & Smith, 2013). Moreover, I use a calm tone and show a concerned facial expression, which facilitates tension diffusion. d). Use of humor and play – during a conflict situation, I normally communicate in a humorous and playful manner and this minimizes confrontations, and thus resolve disagreements. Moreover, humor ensures that I communicate feelings and ideas that otherwise would be hard to express (Segal, Boose, & Smith, 2013). I agree to disagree with someone by first recognizing similar viewpoints and listening to his or her reasons for the viewpoints. Afterwards, I proceed to the points we disagree on. We engage in constructive arguments where both parties defend their views and perceptions and try to convince one another (Segal, Boose, & Smith, 2013). In case the person lacks strong and convincing points to defend his perception, I disagree with him and terminate the argument.   

Iraq invasion 2003 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Iraq invasion 2003 - Essay Example American invasion of Iraq has been assessed and reassessed by intellectuals both inside and outside America. Though different people put forward different factors as the reasons behind the invasion, all agree on the fact that America failed to achieve any of its objectives in Iraq. Also, it becomes evident from the circumstances that America was in the dire need of strengthening its geopolitical dominance in the Middle East, and considering the situation of the time, Iraq was the most vulnerable victim. There were three main factors which can prove that the American invasion of Iraq was inevitability. They are the US global grand strategy, the US strategic position in the Middle East, and the ruling coalition in the Bush administration. The motivating factors – the war was inevitable In order to understand the American desire to use coercion as a weapon to ensure American dominance in the world, one has to read The Project for a New American Century. The Project’s State ment of Principles declares that America has a pivotal role in maintaining peace and security in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Also, it is pointed out that it is important to act before crises emerge, and to face threats before they grow stronger (New American Century, 2000: 4-5). Very similar are the claims in the 2002 National Security Strategy which clearly state that threats to the US would be met using both traditional containment and preventive wars (The White House, 2002: 15). One has to remember the fact that the US global hegemony was, to a great extent, dependent on its protectorate over the oil reserves in the Middle East. Ironically, the biggest threat to American domination also came from the same place; and the best example is the 9/11 attack. Thus, it was clear that America had to reshape the Middle East. In fact, American hegemony over the Middle East oil was getting questioned. In the opinion of Hinnebusch (2007: 213), US and other capitalist countries would im minently face an oil shock as the oil producing Middle Eastern nations were gaining more and more power. First of all, despite the American efforts to impose sanctions on Iraq and Iran, they managed to survive as such sanctions only benefited other nations. To illustrate, Iraq started selling oil concessions to nations like Russia, China and France. Similarly, according to Cramer and Thrall (n.d.: 18), the whole Western Europe wanted to get oil from Iran instead of isolating it; and when America tried to keep its companies away from the so called nations, its rivals were benefiting from the sanctions. Traditionally, Saudi Arabia was playing an important role in providing US with oil help. It moderated oil prices for America throughout the years. However, America was fully concerned about its high degree of dependence on Saudi Arabia for oil needs. Also, the recent years witnessed a decline in the oil pumping capacity of Saudi Arabia making it unable to moderate oil prices anymore (C ommittee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives 2007: 8). Evidently, al Qaeda and other terrorists were highly dissatisfied with use of American forces to protect Saudi Arabia, and was a motivating factor for Bin Laden to turn against America. As Reno (2012: para. 12-13) points out, it was revealed that Saudi citizens were involved in the 9/11 attack and funding; and this was sufficient for the Zionist lobby in the Bush administration to create an anti-Saudi public opinion in America. Murphy (2011: para. 12) states that, at the same time, Saudi Arabia started looking for alternatives as it felt abandoned by the US. Soon, it reconciled with Iran and Iraq. Thus, as America was losing one swing producer, it wanted to find another one; and Iraq became the primary target (ibid). First of all, it meant that America would again get access to privileged oil, at the same time ensuring its hegemony over its economic rivals like Europe, Asia and the emerging global rival China. Thus, Iraq became a one word solution. The matter can be seen in the military

12 Years A Slave Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

12 Years A Slave - Movie Review Example Ruthless slave masters such as Edwin Epps go as far as reading scriptures to the slaves. He quotes the book of Luke as he warns the disobedient servants â€Å"shall be beaten with many stripes.† Further, as a bad harvest looms, he blames the slaves as he attributes it to an Old Testament plague. With this reason, he sends away the slaves for a season until such a time that his crops will find favour in God’s eyes. In the course of slavery, Northup and fellow slaves console themselves in slavery. In moments of despair and pain, they sing spiritual hymns with profound sense of acceptance and surrender. Essentially, the Christian teachings do not support the ways and modes of slavery. According to Walter (4), it proved to be problematic as he tried to compare influence of religion on the attributes of slavery. His research compared the northern and southern states of antebellum in America.in his book ‘The church and slavery† Albert Barnes claims the general cou rse of the churches has been against slavery and that slave holders were a minority among the Christians. The churches would eventually detach themselves from slavery leading to its abolition. Cruelty in the film is given a grim picture in the event that Northup is made to mete out punishment to Epps’ prized slave girl. He is made to whip Patsey and portrayed as an inverted Christ figure. When confronted on his actions, Epps says there is no sin and justifies that a man can do what he wishes with his slaves.

Convince Catherine Essay Example for Free

Convince Catherine Essay Rodolfo started singing for Catherine, but Eddie intercepted him when he says â€Å"Hey kid – hey, wait a minute –â€Å"showing that he’s surprised and also suggests that Eddie thinks it is not masculine for a guy to be singing. Eddie also says to Marco â€Å"They got guys all over the place, Marco. I mean.† A masculine guy to Eddie is a guy who protects loved ones and a man that works and keeps a family together. This says that Eddie thinks the normal masculine guys in the area will not approve or like the fact that a guy enjoys singing. Catherine also takes pleasure from the singing of Rodolfo which gets Eddie jealous making him increasingly agitated. When Eddie notices the heels that she is wearing he orders her to take them off, because they appear to him as though they would attract other men. She felt embarrassed and anger maybe displaying that she feels embarrassed, because Rodolfo was witness to Eddie’s orders. It also shows the protective and possessive side that Eddie has for Catherine. Jealousy is what makes Eddie so protective over Catherine and he goes to extreme measures whether it means betraying his loved ones to stop the relationship between her and Rodolfo. Firstly Eddie tries to convince Catherine that she should not get too close with Rodolfo. By the stage directions Miller uses we see an evil side to Eddie as his eyes glare at Catherine and he tries to fake a smile. â€Å"Why don’t you talk to him, Eddie? He blesses you, and you don’t talk to him hardly†, Eddies eyes are described as enveloping and replies to Catherine â€Å"I bless you and you don’t talk to me† which shows he is trying to make her feel guilty about her spontaneous interests in Rodolfo. He also tells Catherine that Rodolfo don’t respect her and that he doesn’t bless him, trying to persuade Catherine to stay away from him. When this does not change Catherine’s interests in Rodolfo, Eddie feels like he has been defeated and takes his p roblems to Alfieri. This is where Eddie’s downfall begun. Eddie was losing control of his emotions, making him become crazy. He approached Alfieri to report Rodolfo and stated that he was only after Catherine to get papers. Alfieri described Eddie’s eyes to be like tunnels showing that he was already feeling defeated and described his jealousy as a passion that was controlling his body. â€Å"Eddie, I’m a lawyer. I can only deal in what’s provable. You understand that, don’t you? Can you prove that?† asked by Alfieri. Eddie replied â€Å"I know what’s in his mind, Mr Alfieri!† The italics show desperation as well as the exclamation mark showing that he is gradually losing his temper. Eddie also describes Rodolfo to Alfieri saying that â€Å"you could kiss him he was so sweet.† Eddie had revealed to Alfieri that he thought Rodolfo was homosexual using it as an excuse to convince Alfieri that he wants papers. You are kept reminded by Eddie’s death throughout the play by the use of foreshadowing and help from Alfieri narrating Eddie’s actions and the play. Alfieri said â€Å"I knew where he was heading for, I knew where he was going to end.† This reminds an audience of the opening scene where we knew from the start, Eddie’s ending. Also Alfieri includes a metaphor to warn Eddie of what he will face if his jealous ways get the better of him. â€Å"A river will drown you† spoken by Alfieri indicating that it will become too much for him to handle and he won’t be able to face the consequences he faces of breaking the law. Eddie has an impenetrable wall of denial and during the play if someone tried to shatter it, he would fill with fury. Anger is shown multiple times with the use of punctuation such as exclamation marks. When Alfieri says to him, â€Å"She can’t marry you can she?† Eddie infuriately responds, â€Å"I don’t know what the hell you’re talkin’ about!† Also when Beatrice screams at him, â€Å"You want somethin’ else, Eddie, and you can never have her!† These words got Eddie so angry they could have been the words that lead to his death. This was probably Eddie’s biggest problem. He just couldn’t face the truths that made him lie resulting in his crashing downfall. I think the way Arthur Miller presents the character Eddie Carbone allows the audience to understand the message far easier. Eddie shows what can happen if you allow yourself to be too known. Really there are desires and secrets that are best to be kept to you in order for the protection of others that is. And this is explained in the ending when Alfieri said, â€Å"most of the time we settle for half and I like it better.† This means that you should compromise and allow justice, be fair and don’t be greedy. Also I think that the play teaches you about the psychology of relationships and that you shouldn’t betray your friends which Eddie did and look where he ended up. But there is a side to me that does feel sympathy for Eddie as it can become quite hard to release a daughter figure into the open world, especially when it comes as sudden as it did.

Elizabeth Siddal :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth Siddal, Pre-Raphaelite model and wife to Gabriel Rossetti, is the source of intrigue for many Victorian researchers. Her mystery began from her vague background as a milliner’s assistant. From the start, many stories were told of her discovery and yet few stories were told of her past before that point. A frail young woman, she was addicted to narcotics and suffered from a variety of ailments, from the physical to the mental. Her turbulent relationship with Rossetti was plagued with ups and downs, and yet after her death, he mourned her with great sorrow and guilt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth Siddal was a young girl from the working class, who was thrust into the world of the Pre-Raphaelites when discovered as a model in 1849. She was not terribly smart or educated, however, considering her class, she was thought to be as refined and modest as possible. She is generally referred as having been a reserved girl, but she was also explained as being both very beautiful and horribly plain by different sets of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is known for a fact that Elizabeth was working as a milliner’s assistant upon her discovery, but there are many stories told about how that discovery was made. Walter Deverell, who was at the Royal Academy with Hunt and Rossetti, was looking for a red-haired girl who could pass as a boy to play a Shakespearian role in a painting. Rossetti explains the story as Walter and his mother stopped by a millinery shop and saw the assistant in a back room. He then asked his mother to request permission to use her in a painting. Other accounts were given of the discovery. William Holman Hunt claimed that Deverell had arrived at the studio proclaiming what he found to Rossetti, who accompanied him to the millinery shop to have a look. Irish poet, William Allingham, took credit for introducing Deverell to Ms. Siddal because during his escapades with working class women, he had spotted the young girl and thought her perfect for the role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because modeling paid more than millinery work and perhaps because she preferred it to sewing, Elizabeth ended her assistantship at the shop. This is interesting to note because at the time very few women on the census reported their full time job to be modeling for artists. This is not because there were few models, but very few earned enough money to support themselves legitimately, and few wished to declare their employment given the stigma it represented.

Lady Luck Who :: essays research papers

On Tom Paine's Scar Vegas Mrs. Lady Luck, Who?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom Paine’s â€Å"Scar Vegas† takes place in a cheap Las Vegas hotel in the late twentieth century and shows the depressing life of a lonely ex-con. Traveling from Texas to Las Vegas for his sister’s wedding, Johnny Loop emerges as a simple, unlucky, depressed cowboy. Time after time it seems that Loop gets the short end of the stick. His dysfunctional background shapes his attitudes and interactions with others. Ironic, but a depressing ending leaves him helpless, alone, and frustrated. Sadly, it becomes obvious that he is not going to be able to turn his life around. Loop’s relationship with his sister is complex and distant. Their conversations often are awkward and sad: â€Å"’How come you never tell this guy you got a brother?’ â€Å"You was in prison.’ ‘So,’ I says. ‘Lot of people in prison. I’m your only family.’ ‘So she says. The sky is white and sick with heat. ‘Nice dress,’ I says†(128). Avoiding what they are trying to say, they often change the subject. Clearly they regret their weak bond. At the same time their efforts to improve their relationship are feeble. The lack of interest in each other’s lives further alienates Loop: â€Å"‘We’re are going to polish the floor with his face.’ On the seventieth the team goes into a huddle. Lucas and I lean against the wall†(134). Ironically, Loop should be as concerned, if not more, over the â€Å"pervert† flashing his sister. However, he chooses to stay out of it. His lack of action is not necessarily a sign of maturity, but more a lack of caring. The weak relationship along with a number of other factors further isolates Loop. Johnny Loop is a lonely aimless man fresh out of prison. Right from the beginning he is struggling not only with his money, but also his physical condition: â€Å"The Cowboys cracked my ribs but they are taped firm. I am now in Vegas after frying across the Texas panhandle in July top down because the top was broke up good when I was thrown through outside Amarillo my first real stop after Galveston†(123). This murky past conveys his rough background and his inherent unluckiness. By the time Johnny Loop actually gets to his sister’s wedding he has already hit what he thinks is rock bottom. His complex but distant relationship with his sister along with his background leaves him alone and worn down.

Ethical Dilemma Essay

Stepping away from a company that has brought sales up to an increasing 15% will take courage. Will you have the courage to stand for what is right for the current workers working for a company that is working long hours and a few dollars a day or continue doing business that may cause backlash from the media and public? You are responsible for deciding if you will continue to do business with this company by your CEO while also having the name of your company in the local newspaper as doing business with equipment manufacturing company that doesn’t treat their employees with standards and morals. Ethics The company has standards to abide by and to conduct interactions with other companies. â€Å"Ethics is the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong† (Daft 2012, pg. 123). Continuing to do business will have its disadvantages. Many clients that are currently doing business with the company will look at the company’s decision to see if they will continue to do business. Managers are looked upon as role models of the organization and to set the standard ethics of a company (Daft, 2012). Making this decision isn’t just about you as a manager but your decision also stands for the employees of the company, shareholders, stakeholders, and customers (Daft, 2012). Prepare for backlash if you decide to continue to do business with a company that treats their workers like slaves. Every company has a code of ethics to abide by with any given situation and to go against the code which your company stands for will turn many believers in your company away. The company will experience a decrease in profits turning away from the company that has brought the company an increase of 15% of profit and a substantial amount of money. Now with losing 15% of profit, it will affect the money for the company. The company may not be able to employ as many workers as before with the substantial amount decreasing. Investors may look at this decrease as the company not holding its profit and value as it once did. While losing this profit, the company now has to find a way to make up for the loss of the profit. To continue to do business with this company, you have to decide if you would break any laws while continuing to do so. The equipment manufacturing company isn’t the responsibility of your company. The company doesn’t have a code of ethics or moral rights for workers. Is that the responsibility of your company? It’s not the company’s responsibility to handle the ethics for the company but to stand by the codes and morals that their company is based on. Continuing to do business with this company will not be breaking any laws. As a company that stands behind the code of ethics and morals, it would be best to part ways from this company to avoid breaking legal laws and company standards. As a manager, one has to make decisions for a company and will this benefit the company. Walking away from doing business with this company would be best. As a company not only is standing behind the code of ethics and morals of a company, one also has a reputation to maintain. Taking a stand and parting ways will keep a company’s reputation intact. Having been involved with this company, many people are going to look to see what decision a company such as yours would take. Maintaining your reputation within the business community is a must. Parting ways with this contract with the previous company may bring another company to offer a contract at the same price because of the way you handled the outcome of the previous company. To come to my final decision, I would approach it in a nonprogrammed decision and utilitarian approach. â€Å"A nonprogrammed decision is one made in response to a situation that is unique, is poorly defined and largely unstructured, and has important consequences for the organization. Decisions differ according to the amount of certainty, risk, uncertainty, or ambiguity in the situation (Daft, 2012, pg. 36). Making this decision for the company, I have to look at all angles. Will my decision ruin the company or will it enhance the company. This isn’t a decision that can be done overnight. This decision isn’t based on one person but a company. Allowing myself to make the best decision for the greatest outcome for the greatest beneficial for the company. Allowing myself a week to weigh my options and once my decision has been made, present them to the company so they can see why I came to this decision. My decision would be to part ways with this company for the good of my company.

Sample Papers

Sample Papers Sample Papers Sample Papers: Help for Students Are you becoming crazy about those numerous assignment papers that you are constantly provided with during your study? Sometimes it may seem to you that they are aimed at turning your life into the terrible nightmare. Do not know how to escape from all that? Try not to avoid the problem but solve it! This article will help you in that. If you do not know how to write your assignment papers, do not rack your brains make use of the Internet. You may find a lot of different web-sites there that offer students assignment writing services. You may say that it is too expensive to buy every assignment paper. But these sites may be useful for you even if you are going to write your assignment paper by yourself. In what way? Free Sample Papers The answer concerns sample papers that these sites propose you to get free of charge. You may find a lot of different papers: sample term papers, sample research papers, sample essay papers and many others. But in what way can they help you if you are not going to buy assignment papers? Of course, you should not submit one of these sample papers as yours because you may have problems. As these papers are available for you everyone else may get them (even one of your group-mates or your tutor). Any kind of sample papers is a papers research sample. What does it mean? Any of sample papers may give you a hint about in what direction you should make your research of the topic given in order to write a good paper. Moreover, reading of such papers may give you a lot of other interesting ideas concerning preparing and writing. Sample Paper ElementsTopic. Sometimes your tutor may let you choose a topic for your paper by yourself. But if you have no ideas about it, you may search them in sample papers. You may find a topic that you may get interested in and that is the half of the success of your paper. Thesis statement. When reading sample papers you may find out how to formulate a thesis sta tement in order to make it clear and understandable. Structure. You may study the structure of papers of a certain kind: what parts they should include, how you should divide them into paragraphs. That will help you make your paper well-structured. Vocabulary. You may study what special words and phrases are used in the academic writing. The usage of such vocabulary will help you put your thoughts logically and clearly. One should stress that this is one of the main criteria of writing a good assignment paper. Thus, it becomes obvious that sample papers may be very helpful for you even if you are going to write your assignment paper by yourself.