Iran and Us Relations

inter patriotic dealings in the midst of Iran and the unite States Group Paper Jorge Goytizolo, Donna Lin ars, Reuben Mateus INB3550 Inter home(a) argumentation Dr. Veronica Diaz, Professor 10/10/2010 We intend to present how approximately(prenominal) countries Iran and the linked States, ar affected economic al unmatchedy by the disagreeable dealinghip they shed forged, which has further worsened due to the get together Nations surety Council having added additional sanctions to Iran. Content de elucidate include floor of the US and Iran house servant and crinkle congenators. o Irans OPEC stand let off and report along with current Persian ends which ar change its approach to moving in transaction with the linked Nations and the rest of the globe. o f every(prenominal) in States affiliation with the linked Nations and how our tardilyst decision to contendds Iran is affecting the UN and its approach to the production line policies with Iran. o US and Iran foreign caper approach to the world. o Direct US and Iran Relations. History of the US and Iran domestic and job dealing. The History of get together States-Iran relations ensure back to the 1800s, unless has become much volatile in just all everywhere the last half century. ace squeeze bulge out non discuss coupled States-Iranian taradiddle without observing the 1953 putsch, which has been cited as the go point in united States-Iran relations. The 1953 Coup was a covert operation headed by Americas Central Intelligence Agency and has been attested as the Agencys graduation exercise successful reverse of a foreign brass. The Aim of the 1953 Coup, rule named Operation AJAX, was to bring to agent an Iranian government which would reach an equitable crude color settlement, enabling Iran to become economically levelheaded and monetaryly solvent, and which would vigorously prosecute the dangerously strong Communist Party (Iran bedroom Society , n. d. ) Early in the 1960s, the Shah of Iran, inform kindly and economic re orchestrates but ref utilise to grant bighearted political freedom.Iranian interior(a)ist condemned his linked States support administration and his westernizing of Iran. During rioting in 1963, the Shah nutlike down, suppressing his opposition. Among those arrested and exi guide was a popular unearthly nationalist and bitter foe of the united States, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (Jimmy Carter depository library Museum, 2006). During his unify States backed reign, the Shah spent billions of oil dollars on multitude weapons, but in brief began to lose popular support. Unable to substantiate economic overture and un entrusting to go democratic freedoms, the Shahs regime collapsed in variety (Jimmy Carter Library & Museum, 2006), causing him to flee January 16, 1979.With the personnel casualty of the Shah, the exiled Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini bring toed to Iran in February of 1979 brin ging rabid anti-Americanism with him. Amidst recital and fear of an early(a)(a) unite States led Coup and a return to force of the exiled Shah Reza Pahlavi, a group from the Iranian educatee Union took matters into their own men by seizing the American Embassy. Inside the American Embassy the students held 52 Americans hostage for 444 twenty-four hour periods. The unite States responded by freezing billions of Iranian assets, including bank deposits, gold, and early(a) property. This purget became bring a go at itn as the 1979 hostage Crisis. The 1979 Hostage Crisis had drawn domestic criticisms against professorship Jimmy Carter.Criticisms of president Carter further grew with failed speech attempts of the American hostages, some of which resulted in the deaths of American Soldiers whose bodies were paraded in front of television cameras by angry Iranians. This political nightm be prevented death chair Carters bid for re-election and promptly came to a rigorous t he day President Ronald Regan was inaugurated January 20, 1981. The Iran-Iraq War, which lasted from 1980-1988, played a significant role in linked States-Iran relations. The joined Nations Security Council issued resolutions calling for all its member states to avoid from contributing to the Iran-Iraq conflict, and is why the unite States initially decided to appropriate a neutral position.Although it had supplied both countries with weapons, the joined States decided that an Iranian win would bring up to be detrimental to their interests in the area and began to guide their support behind an Iraqi Regime led by President ibn Talal Hussein Hussein. This support came in the form of loans, some of which benefited joined States industries and all objet dart the untaught of Iran was cosmos hammered with many a(prenominal) American enforced sanctions. In the 1990s the United States placed more sanctions on Iran. In 1995, President Bill Clinton banned United States investments with Iran, prohibiting all commercial and fiscal proceeding with Iran. This measure was unfortunate, as trade relations amongst the 2 nations had begun to increase after the end of the Iran-Iraq War.In 1996, the United States passed into law one of its just about stringent measures to affect Iran, the Iran-Libya Sanctions Act. intentional to prevent Irans ability to get its hands on weapons of mass destruction and stock certificate terrorist groups, the Iran-Libya Sanction Act oblige penalties on all foreign companies that provided investments over $20 million dollars for the development of cypher heavens (petroleum) in Iran. Any progress fuck off in United States-Iran relations late in President Clintons second edge was soon forgotten, as the bare-assed American President George W. Bush came into great supply. The events on folk 11, 2001 feel scarred relations between America and Iran to a point that appears irreparable.Although Iran was non baffling in the 9/11 attacks, the United States feels Iran harbors and supports the terrorist who threaten America and its interests. The United States and Iran are not at war, but both countries collect peppered each other over the last decade with rhetorical missiles. Some of the accusations include the fear of Irans atomic weapons ambitions and its alleged membership to the Axis of shabbiness, while Iran feels the encroachment of United States military bases in the region provide crusade for furthering armaments and political jousting. Despite each countrys patronage for each other the twain countries relate to do cable together. U. S. Exports to Iran grew more than tenfold during President Bushs years in office even as sponsoring terrorist (Associated Press, 2008).The Bush disposition utilize sanction exemptions to ship a variety of goods to Iran ranging from perfume and fur dress to cigarettes and bull semen. both the United States and Iran joined the United Nations on October 24, 1945 , however the United States represents 1 of 5 eternal members of the United Nations Security Council and Iran is currently not even a non-permanent member. Although Iran is not a member of the Security Council, it has two brawny consort in China and Russia who are permanent members. The latest decisions towards Iran have obviously been affecting the regulations now imposed by the United Nations Security Council. Sanctions issued by the Security Council are primarily intended to disrupt progress in Irans ability to obtain atomic weapons and build its military.United States Ambassador to the United Nations Susan strain announced at the Security Council brush that the resolution will target 40 entities and one individual, Javad Rihiqi, head of a nuclear center where the Iranian government possesses uranium. It was describe that China, one of Irans largest trading partners, had pushed back on more stringent language, saying that broader restrictions specially those targeting Ir ans Central Bank would harm Irans day-after-day thriftiness (Wagner, 2010). Russia has been reluctant to support United States backed sanctions, as Iran and Russia trade in the range of billions of dollars annually. From 2002 to 2008 Russia and China exported a unite 80 percent (by dollar value) of Irans arms.These sanctions are now being recognized not sole(prenominal) if in spite of appearance the United Nations Security Council, but in like manner by financial powers, such as the European Union. under(a) the strain of sanctions and the Iran-Libya Sanction Act, some members of the European Union have been critical of the United States causing it to compromise on the first realise cited as a usurpation of the Iran-Libya Sanctions Act by waiving sanctions on the 2 billion dollar project. The Clinton Administration announced the waiver on May 18, 1998, citing national interest, after the European Union promise to increased cooperation with the United States on non-prolifer ation and counter-terrorism (Katzman, 2003).The Bush Administration decided followed equip with collaborative efforts with the European Union and its members to vergeinal point Irans nuclear ambitions and terrorism sponsorship, preserving the path for approaching sanction waivers. Irans OPEC affiliation and history Irans OPEC Affiliation began early in the 1960s,when a overture together request was get through to the oil companies operating in Venezuela and in the mediate east by the Venezuelan government minister of mines and the Saudi Oil minister, to chatter with the hosting countries forward any price changes were make. be this meeting were the representatives of Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. In that atmosphere, the footing of the geological formation of Petroleum Exporting Countries was formed. Hamilton, 1983) Currently, the Organization has a total of 12 member Countries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a perm anent, intergovernmental Organization, bring aboutd at the Baghdad Conference on September 1014, 1960, presently with its meeting headquarters located now in Vienna, Austria (OPEC, 2007). OPECs objectives still today is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among appendage Countries, in ordination to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry (OPEC, 2007).Irans business relation in regards to its affiliation with the United Nations has been weakened in most part because of the correlativity with the United States. Currently we have seen that the US has tried to prove magazine and eon again that the monies directly benefiting Iran through their returns from the oil, and gas pedal sector are being funneled into making the country a nuclear power (Alverez, 2009). Iran, OPECs second largest exporter with an output of 4. 2 million barrels per day, traditionally pushes for higher(prenominal) prices. It is alike one of the most aquiline on oil exports, with some 80 percent of its foreign revenue coming from oil sales (OPEC, 2007).In addition to this, Masoud Mir-Kazemi as Irans brand-new oil minister stated in August that Iran plans to exsert 5 billion Euros in bonds by 2015 to help Iran finance government projects (Nagaraj, 2010). This is beyond a shadow of a doubt leading the UN to assume the projects are those of a nuclear matter and are reservoir to take steps in the agreement of sanctions until it can prove otherwise. line of merchandise relations with the United Nations The U. N. Security Council approved a resolution calling for a new round of sanctions aimed at pressuring Iran on its nuclear computer programme. The measure passed with 12 countries voting for it, brazil-nut tree and jokester voting against and Lebanon abstaining (Wagner,2010).Mir-Kazemi s assist his country al ready sold some 250 million Euros ($342 million) bonds in foreign markets. He also said the countries which pursue the sanctions have managed only to deprive themselves of the chance to tap into some of the worlds largest proven militia of conventional crude oil. If they want to have a secure long-term sinew supply, they have to invest in Irans oil industry, he said (Nagaraj,2010). Iran good aware of its abundant natural pick knows it has negotiating power. They continually stand by the position that they state the nuclear significance is only linked to breaching its countrys theme with plants to provide power and energy .In 2009, the 25-3 ballot by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UNs nuclear watchdog, was then seen as a sign of deepening exasperation over the impasse when they stated that Iran had the right to produce nuclear power for peaceful purposes, which is what is says it wants to do (Alverez, 2009). It has been asked by the IAEA to discuss eviden ce of warhead-related question activities but has refused. Having been caught cheating in the historic, its repeat denials have little credibility (Alverez, 2009). This is where the UN has its most concerns focused on. The UN wants more transparency to this project and with Iran denial to the inspections they then feel press to pursue the newer sanctions.The resolution puts in place travel bans and financial restrictions on individuals and entities involved in Iranian nuclear and/or ballistic missile activities, including those owned, controlled or playing on behalf of Irans elite Revolutionary hold up Corps. It also includes an arms embargo and pushes for inspection of ships suspected of carrying cargo that may be involved in Irans nuclear program (Wagner, 2010). With a history stemming back roughly more than a quarter of a century the latest round of imposed sanctions on Iran by the US have been the toughest we have seen yet. These sanctions are now being recognized not only within the Security Council of the UN but also by financial powers such as the EU.These entities tarry their efforts exhausting to persuade all countries financial institutes not to deal with Iran. US and Iran International demarcation approach to the world United States and Iran have two totally contrary approaches. United States lifts leave markets, competitiveness and innovation. United States also promotes sustainable development and bodily responsibility, supported by world-wide mesh topology and prudent regulation. All these activities and efforts are monitored and control by the USCIB (United States Council for International Business).As the whole world is trying to move from recession, United States promotes open markets along with competitiveness and innovation we can see it in all the international summits, meetings in which United States participates. An example of this was when United States (USCIB) took the leading role n the G8 business summi t in Italy. United States also was one of the participants of the G20 business summit in London in which the worlds largest economies agreed to a $1. 1 meg package of measure to restore growth, jobs and remodel confidence and trust in the financial system. All these countries including United States came together to maintain the economy recession. United States has the same ideas and goals towards international businesses and wants to make it work around the world. On the other hand we have Iran that overshadowed all the efforts for world progress and development by not being in ossification with its international obligations and announcing the development of its nuclear program. Irans approach to international business is little. Iran is part of the OPEC, which we had previously discussed. The main reason why Irans does business with other countries is to aid its goals in becoming a powerful nuclear country. The reason why Irans is so hungry for nuclear power is because it feels the need to protect itself against the development of capitalism, especially in other countries such as like the ones geographically close (Israel). Irans government is linked to the country religious beliefs. reinvigorated movements within the country itself are trying to change this approach towards the world by gearing and convincing its citizens that capitalism will help the country get out of their financial crisis. Unfortunately, Iran, like many other countries, is being divided by two social classes the educated and professional middle class and the laborers or poor class. The laborers or poor class are the bulk on this country they support the real(a) government (President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad) and his decisions. Once Iran and its citizens make the decision that opening up and cooperating with the world they may realize that it would improve their countrys establishment. Direct US and Iran Business Relations Based on the research made by a renown New York pr ison terms reporter and veteran correspondent, Stephen Kinzer he recommend the alliance of Iran, United States and flop would the best way to increase the business and politics relations between these 3 countries. He stated that it would be a fore new course for the United States in the Middle Eastern region. The United States need to partner with Iran and Turkey to create a powerful triangle whose activities would promote a culture democracy and assail extremism. This is a debatable argument. At this time we have Iran, rule by root ideologies and have set its mind on a burgeoning nuclear program.As we all know this one of United State governments biggest headaches. Stephen Kinzer also reiterated that we have to return that although Turkey is a long time United States ally, their relations has been deteriorated in the past years. An example of this deterioration it can be seen on an incident placed on last June where the relationship between these two countries was tested, T urkeys representative on the UN Security Council voted against United States regarding backed sanctions on Iran. At this result most of the United States government is asking themselves Who mixed-up Turkey? rather than envisioning more blanket(a) cooperation with this country. Even hough United States and Iranian relations are a long term project and the idea has ample foundation garment in the modern history and politics of the region unlike other Moslem countries Iran has a century worth of arrive struggling for political freedom, during which they developed an soul of democracy and they are longing for it. Unites States and Iran do share some fundamental values. Both countries have educated middle class, as we all know the middles classes are the undercoat for a strong civil corporation and also the two countries share strategical goals. Some of these common goals are the desire to see Iraq and Afghanistan stabilized and to suppress radical movements such as th e Sunnis and Al Qaeda. though this alliance or relations would not be achieve at this moment or in todays worlds until Iran changes dramatically and turn into democracy before any relations could be formed. One way this relation could happen still unclear but in the slowdown Stephen Kinzer proposes a twofold strategy consider with the current regime as effectively as possible and wait for the day democratically minded masses make their way to power. Though there are some processes of engagement in the Obama administrations stated policy Kinzer urges capital letter to be bolder and to launch a direct, bilateral, comprehensive, and compressed negotiations with Tehran.This process of engagement was practiced by President Nixon and his diplomatic breakthrough with communistic China when at the time of the US-Vietnam war Beijing was selling weapons to North Vietnam to polish Americans. Nixon recognized that diplomacy works the reverse gear way. Agreement comes first change s in behaviour follow. In order to set forth the direct US relations with Iran, US diplomacy needs to give Iranians what they are looking for respect, dignity and restoration of lost of pride We have to remember us-USA is dealing with a nation ten quantify older than ourselves and the key to turn to better relationships with Iran is not to make Irans regime feel more threatened it is to make it feel more secure. References Akyol, M. (2010, September). An unlikely trio. strange Affairs, 89(5), 124-129. (Akyol, 2010) Alverez, J. (2009). In the era of a new presidency, a new us. policy towards the united nations? us policies towards and in the un security council. ISIA ledger of International Comparative Law, 15(319), 228-231. Associated Press. (2008, July 8). Despite Conflict, U. S. Does Business with Iran.Retrieved September 23, 2010 from http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/25588135 Hamilton, J. (1983). Oil and macro economy since World War II. Journal of governmental Ec onomy, 91(2). Harvey, C. , Sabatini, R. (2010, April 15). Russias Lukewarm Support for International Sanctions Against Iran History and Motivations. Retrieved September 23, 2010 from http//www. nti. org/e_research/e3_russia_lukewarm_sanctions_against_iran. html Iran Chamber Society. (n. d. ). A Short Account of 1953 Coup. Retrieved September 23, 2010 from http//www. iranchamber. com/history/coup53/coup54p1. php Jimmy Carter Library & Museum. (2006, February 9). The Hostage Crisis in Iran.Retrieved September 23, 2010 from http//www. jimmycarterlibrary. gov/documents/hostages. phtml Katzman, K. (Updated 2003, July 31). The Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA). Retrieved September 23, 2010 from http//fpc. state. gov/documents/ disposal/23591. pdf Kinzer, S. (2010). Iran, Turkey and Americas future. clip Books, 274 London Summit. (2009). Summit Outcomes. Retrieved from http//www. londonsummit. gov. uk/en/summit-aims/timeline-events/summit-outcomes McMahon, Robert. (Updated 2006, April 4). I ran, the United Nations, and Sanctions. Retrieved September 23, 2010 from http//www. cfr. org/publication/10222/iran_the_united_nations_and_sanctions. html Nagaraj, A. (2010).Iran has some of the worlds richest oil reserves but has not been able to fully utilize it due to production and refining constraints. International Business , Retrieved from http//www. ibtimes. com/articles/64168/20100921/us-un-sanctions-turkey-iran-middle-east. htm Nasr, V. (2009). The rise of Islamic capitalism why the new Muslim middle class is the key to defeating extremism. New York, NY Free Press. The National Security Archive. (2003, February 25). Shaking Hands with Saddam Hussein The US Tilts toward Iraq, 1980-1984. Retrieved September 23, 2010 from httpwww. gwu. edu/nsarchive/NSAEBB/NSABB82/ (References continued) OPEC. (2007, April 29). Member countries.Retrieved from http//www. opec. org/opec_web/en/ on September 18, 2010 Wagner, A. (White hall Correspondent). (2010). United nations security counci l backs new sanctions on iran. Web. Retrieved from http//www. politicsdaily. com/2010/06/08/iran-united-nations-sanctions-and-the-new-world-order/ Nova Southeastern University Farquhar Center for Undergraduate Studies Business Administrative Studies Division grant for mannikin INB 3550 International Business Submitted to Dr. Veronica Diaz Submitted by Donna M Linares, on Behalf of Group Jorge Goytizolo, Donna Linares, Reuben Mateus 9118 Palos Verde Dr Orlando FL 32825 07-625-1854 nonspecific urethritis N00717427 Date Submission Due October 9th 2010 title of respect of Assignment Group Paper object CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP I evidence that I am the author of this root and that any assistance I veritable in its preparation is fully acknowledge and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or wrangle, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I have added quotes whenever I used more than three consecutive words from another writer. 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